How does chronic cystitis develop?
The bladder is a little miracle: a fine layer of mucous membrane lining the inside of the bladder usually stops irritant substances in the urine from penetrating into the inside wall of the bladder. In chronic forms of cystitis this protective linig, known as the glycosaminoglycan-layer (GAG-layer for short), becomes damaged. This makes it permeable to irritant substances from the urine. 
Excruciating symptoms such as:
- frequent urination
- severe, sometimes difficult to suppress urge to urinate
- persisting pain in the pelvic region
are the consequence and can seriously impair the quality of life of those affected. Because one single thought is always predominant in their mind: “Where is the nearest toilet?” Everyday tasks and leisure activities such as a relaxed stroll around town, a visit to friends, a trip to the seaside or into the mountains can become a real problem under these circumstances.
Medically, the following forms of chronic cystitis are distinguished: